The Battle of Gaugamela, fought on October 1, 331 BCE, was a pivotal confrontation between Alexander the Great and Darius III of Persia. Following his conquest of Asia Minor and Egypt, Alexander aimed to subdue the Persian Empire, while Darius assembled a vast army to defend his realm. Despite being significantly outnumbered, Alexander’s forces were well-trained and motivated. Darius chose a flat battlefield near Gaugamela, which allowed his chariots and cavalry to maneuver effectively. However,