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Earth’s origin story has always had missing pages, from the chemistry of its first crust to the ingredients that seeded life.

Apollo samples provide evidence: Researchers analyzed Moon rocks brought back by the Apollo missions and, for the first time, used their iron isotope ratios to trace where Theia originally formed.

Oxygen began entering Earth's oceans around 2.32 billion years ago, and shallow seas followed within a few million years.

Earth formed about 4.6 billion years ago, during the geological eon known as the Hadean. The name “Hadean” comes from the Greek god of the underworld, reflecting the extreme heat that likely ...

The Earth's magnetic field and oxygen evolved together over 540 million years, according to a major NASA study.

When the early Earth’s magma ocean crystallized 4.4 billion years ago, the deep mantle trapped an ocean’s worth of water, ...

In February 1971, Apollo 14 astronauts bagged a moon rock later found to contain a shard blasted from the early Earth. A technician at the Lunar Receiving Laboratory in Houston examines "Big Bertha," ...

In the distant past, the solar system was rife with impacts and collisions. Millions of rocky objects zoomed chaotically through the system, smashing into each other in collisional cascades. Over time ...

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Earth may have a moon today because a nearby neighbor once crashed into us, a new analysis of Apollo samples and terrestrial ...

In findings published in science journal Earth and Planetary Science Letters, a sample collected during the 1971 Apollo 14 lunar mission was found to contain traces of minerals with a chemical ...